Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) is the application of the principles of learning and motivation that are the cornerstones of Behaviour Analysis. ABA is a type of therapy that works at improving a set of specific behaviours such as: social skills, communication, reading and so on. ABA program for autism also focuses on bettering the adaptive learning skills like motor dexterity, hygiene, grooming, domestic capabilities and job competence.
 |
ABA is widely used for those with autism, developmental disabilities and intellectual deficits. It works well for children but has also proved effective with adolescents and adults. The entire therapy is based on making the individual more empowered so that they can function without external help and support to the best of their abilities.
This is the most popular therapeutic method currently in use for individuals with autism. Autism is a developmental disorder that presents as pervasive deficits in communication, social interaction and is characterised by repetitive behaviours. It is seen as a spectrum disorder, which is why different individuals with autism may have different levels of functioning.
Applied Behavior Analysis Services help the autistic individual improve social interactions, learn new skills, and maintain positive behaviours. ABA works at transferring skills and behaviour from situation to situation, controlling the areas where negative behaviours arise and minimizing these negative behaviours. When intensely applied for more than 20 hours a week and prior to the age of 4 years ABA is most successful for autism. ABA can also help geriatric clients who are trying to cope with age related deficits in areas like memory, strength, and relationships. No matter what the age of the client, ABA can help individuals handle some of the lifestyle challenges which present themselves due to certain mental and physical health conditions.
The most commonly used series of steps used in ABA therapy are as follows:
1) Identify which are the behaviours that require to be changed
2) Set goals and expected outcomes
3) Create and communicate the exact ways to measure changes and improvements
4) Evaluate where the client is with regard to their functioning level
5) Learn new positive skills and also learn how to avoid negative behaviours
6) Regularly chart and monitor the progress made by the client
7) Analyse whether or not further behaviour modification is necessary
Those who professionally practice ABA have a sound understanding of the causes behind human behaviours and how they can be changed over time. The therapist appraises a client’s behaviour and develops customised treatment plans to help improve the communication and behaviour skills necessary for success in their personal and professional lives. It is also imperative that they impart training to parents and teachers. For the best results, ABA requires vigilant monitoring and continuous evaluation. The therapists can be a part of schools, practice individually with their clients or be part of a clinic or centre.